URRURADA QURBAJOOGA SOMALILAND BAYAANKA OGOST 2012

URRURADA QURBAJOOGA SOMALILAND
BAYAANKA OGOST 2012
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DATE:  27 AUGUST 2012             

BAYAAN-KA OGOST 2012 

Somaliland: Waxa aanu leenahay Dastuur iyo Madax aanu Dooranay

Somalia waxay 1dii Ogost 2012 qaateen “Dastuur ku Sima ah (Provisional Constitution)”, dabayaaqada bishan Ogost-na waxa lagu wadaa in dawlad cusub looga unko Muqdisho(Xamar). Haddaanu nahay qurba jooga reer Somaliland waxaanu si aad ah uga xunahay in dadka Somalia walli  isku mashquulinayaan yab-yabidda “Dastuuro” iyo “dawlado” ku andacoonaya in Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland qayb ka tahay in kastoo ay  sida cad-ceeda ugu cadahay cidkasta in, lagasoo bilaabo 1991-kii,  dadka Somaliland  ka abuureen dalkooda nabad ayna berri hore sameysteen  Dastuur iyo nidaam dawladeed oo diimuquraadi ah oo ah madaxweyne iyo baarlamaan la soo doortay.  Anagoo u rajaynayna in dadka Somalia ay helaan nabadda iyo xasilloonida ilaa hadda ay raadinayaan,   waxaanuse ku guubaabineynaa iyaga iyo beesha caalamka in ay ku qancaan oo ixitiraamaan  go'aanka aan ka noqoshada lahayn ee ay ummadda Somaliland kula soo noqdeen madax- banaanidoodii May 1991kii. Waxaanu si cod qayaxan, marlabaad iyo saddexaadba, ku leenahey, “waxaanu nahay dad dastuurkoodii, dawlad iyo golayaal  la soo doortayba leh, waxba isuguma keen jiraane intiinu – hadaad dadka Somalia tihiin – haydinku fillaato oo ilaahay haydiin barakeeyo: kala quusanee aan kala qomomo la’aano”.

Dastuuradii lagu falkay Xamar- 1961-1979

Iyadoo reer Somaliland hiigsanaya ka midho dhalinta riyadii “Soomaaliweyn” ee dadka reer Somaliland 1960-kii ku jirtay, ayeey qaranimadoodii iyo Dastuurkoodii u horeeyay (ee 1960kii) u sadqeeyeen si ay iskugu keenaan shantii deegaan ee dadka Somalida ahi daganaayeen, oo ay aqbaleen Dastuurkii reer Somalia samaysteen iyagoon, haba yaraatee, wax talo iyo arina midnanaba kulahayn. Markii aftidii loo qaadey  20 Juun 1961, dadka reer Somaliland intii codaysay aqlabiyad balaadhan bay ku diideen Dastuurkaas, taasi oo  cadeeysay qoomammadii dadka reer Somaliland ka qabeen isu-taggii Somalia ee ay ku degdegeen.  Dastuurkaa waxa laalay afgambigii ciidanka ee 1969kii, waxaana lagu badalay  Dastuur kale oo uu Kalitaliskii Siyad Barre Xamar ku sameeyey 1979kii oo 25 Ogost 1979, oo afti Kalitaliskii abaabuley lagu ansixiyay.

Geedi Socodkii Dastuurkii 2aad ee Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland (1991-2001)

Muddo dheerba ka hor intaan Kalitaliskii milatariga ahaa soo afjarmin 1991kii, waxa cadaatay in riyadii ahayd middeynta dhammaan shanta deegaan ee Somalidu degto ay  ahyduun riyo dhalanteeda.  Kadib dagaalkii arxanka daradda ahaa ee Kalitaliskii Siyaad Bare ku qaaday dadka reer Somaliland  sanadihii  1980kii ilaa intii laga ridayay Kalitaliskii 1991kii, beelaha Somaliland waxay Maayo 1991kii  isugu yimaadeen shirweyne  oo  ay ku go'aansadeen inay qaranimadoodii ay lumiyeen July 1960kii dib ula soo noqdaan. Dadka reer Somaliland iyo Madax Dhaqmeedkooduba waxay u tusmaysteen toobiye dheer oo lagu turxaan bixinayo colaaddii beelaysnayd ee laga dhaxlay kalitaliskii; dadaaladaas oo sidoo kalena dhidibada loogu taagay haykal dawladnimo oo Somaliland dib u yeelato. Sameynta Dastuurka Somaliland wuxuu yimid kadib markii howlaha dib u heshiisiinta si dheer oo hagar li’ah loogu hawlgalay. Dajinta Dastuurku waxay soo martay saddex marxaladood oo isdaba yaala: Axdi Qarameedkii oo ay ansixiyeen shirweyne gaar ahi 1993kii, oo uu ku xigey ansixintii Dastuurkii ku Simaha ahaa ee 1997kii iyo ugu dambayntii Dastuurkii oo la ansixiyey 2000kii, laguna hirgaliyey Afti Qaran oo la qaaday 31kii Meey 2001.

Somaliland waxa kalooy samaysatay hab-maamul dimuquraadi ah oo waxa si guul leh loo qabtay tan iyo 2002dii, laba doorashooyin madaxwayne, iyo doorashooyin Barlamaan iyo Dawladaha Hoose, oo dhammaantood goob jogayaashii caalamiga ahaa ku tilmaameen kuwo  xor iyo xalaal ah. Imika dalka Jamhuuriyada Somaliland waxa kusoo fool leh doorashooyinkii Dawladaha Hoose, oo sagaal xisbiyo/ururo siyaasadeed si xawli ah iskugu diyaarinayaan inay ka qayb qaataan bisha Nofember ee sanadkan 2012.
   
“Walaf aan wadkaa helin waan ka waantoobi, waa war loo noqon”: Dastuuradii iyo Axdi Qarmeedadii reer Somalia (2000-2012)

20kii sanno ee ugu dambeeyay, beesha caalamku waxay u gogol dhigtay shirar badan oo ujeedadoodu ahaayeen in lagu heshiisiiyo reer Somalia, dawladna loogu dhiso. Abid Somaliland midna shirarkaas kama qayb galin.  Ayadooy sidaas tahay, ayaa laba kamida shirarkaas loo qabtay Somalia (kii Jibuuti 2000 iyo kii Kiiniya 2004), waxay reer Somalia markii ay Axdi Qarameedyo ku meel Gaadh ah samaysteen si badheedha isaga indhatireen  jiritaanka iyo talada hayadaha dawliga ah ee Somaliland (ha ahaadaan xisibiyada qaranka, iyo madaxweynaha iyo golaha wakiilada ee ummaddu soo dooratay) ee dhisidooda  dadka reer Somaaliland kusoo dadaaleen muddada dheer. Dadka reer Somalia ee shirarkaas isku dubaridey iyo kuwii beesha caalamka ahaa ee dabada ka riixayayba waxay labaduba go'aansadeen in ay abuuraan qabiil cusub oo dhulka Somaliland intiisa badan degga oo loo bixiyey "Dirta Waqooyi", dalka intiisa kale kuwii degannaana waxa la yidhi waxaa lagu tirinayaa qabiilka “Darood” ee Somalia dega. Iyadoo xeeladaas la isticimaalayo ayaa dad intooda badani joogaan qurbaha loo gacan-haadiyey si ay uga qaybgelaan shirarka Somalia oo markaas la yidhaahdo Somaliland qayb ayey ka aheyd wixii la go’aansadey. Runtuna waxay tahay dadkaasi cid aan iyaga  naftooda aheyn mey matalin, waxeyna sharciga dalka Somaliland ka yihiin dambiilayaal.

Khariidadda “Roadmap”ka ee Somalia, Dastuurka iyo Dawlada Ogost 2012

20 sanno kadib, iyo Somaliland oo hadana 2010kii si nabadgalyo buuxda ah ku qabatay doorasho madaxweyne oo walibana madaxweynihii jagada hayey ee laga helay si bilaa turxaan ah mucaaridkii ka helay madaxtinimadii ugu wareejiyay (oo ay jiraanna Gole Wakiilo - House of Representatives- oo la soo doortay), waxaa la is odhan lahaa beesha caalamku waqtigan iskama indho tirayaan jiritaanka hay’adahaas habka diimuqraadiga ah ku yimid, heystana awood buuxda oo ay ku  matalaan,  uguna hadlaan dadka Somaliland.  Beesha caalamku wey ogeyd in Somaliland aaney ku dhex jirin wada xaajoodka khiddaddii “Roadmap”-ka ee lagu soo afjarayey xilliyada ku meel gaadhka ah (KMG) ee Somalia, iyo sameynta Dastuurka cusub ee Somalia, oo arrimahaas oo dhan ay ka qaybqaateen oo hagayeen saxeexayaal ahaa Dawladda KMG, gobolada Somalia qaarkood (Puntland, Galmudug iyo Ahlu Suna wal Jamaca - ASWJ) iyo Wakiilka Qaramada Midoobey (QM).

Shirkii London ee Feebarwari 2012, beesha caalamku waxay sidoo kale isku raacday “inay taageerto wadahadalkasta oo Somaliland iyo TFG ama badelkeedu ay isla gartaan inay isla meel dhigaan si ay u bayaamiyaan waxa uu noqonayo  xidhiidhkooda mustaqbalku”; ilaa haddadana waxaba jira dhawr kulan gogol xaadha oo dhex maray Somaliland iyo Somalia.

Nasiibdarose, haddana markale, tubtii loogu samaynaayay Somalia Dastuur cusub iyo xulashadii (doorasho ma jirto sidii markii hore la sadaalinayay) xubnaha golaha sharcidajinta Somalia waxa lagu saleeyay qaacidadii lagu dafiri jiray jiritaanka qaranimada Somaliland iyo in ay jiraan madax matala ummadda reer Soomaliland oo si xor oo xalaala ummaddaasi  u dooratay inay danaheeda matalaan.  Waxaana la soo jiitay dad la yidi waa ka mid qabiilkii la macmalay.  Ahmiyaddan la siiyey xubno qabiil matala waxay keentey ku dhawaaqidda dawlad gobolo been been ah oo dibadaha lagaga dhawaaqay oo xita sheegta carooyin ka mid ah Somaliland iyo Puntland.  Isku-deyga in loo kala daadiyo Qaranka Somaliland gobollo qabaa’ila ma soo celineyso isu-taggii Somaliland iyo Somalia,  waaney saameyneysaa gobolada Somalia sida hadaba ka muuqataa dawladahan yar yar ee meelo badan lagaga dhawaaqey. 

Somaliland waligeedna qayb kama ahayn samayntii dastuurka cusub ee Somalia, ama xulashada xubnaha baarlamaanka cusub ee la leeyahay waxa loo samaynayaa Somalia, amaba dawladda laga dhisayo Xamar.  Aqlabiyad madax dhaqameedada dhabta ah ee Somaliland waxay ku kulmeen Hargeysa iyo Ceerigaaboba halkaas ooy ku cambaareeyeen ganafkana ku dhufteen martiqaadkii loo  fidiyey.  Markaas, dhowr qof oo iyagu iskood isu magacaabay, Xamarna isgeeyay oo dabadeedna magacaabey dad iyana badankoodu ka yimid qurbaha  kama dhigi karaan  in Somaliland ka qayb qaadatay arimahan Somalia, kamana dhigi karto Dastuurka Somalia wax ka socon kara si xalaal oo sharci ah dalka Somaliland.  Guracnaanta waxa Xamar ka socda ee ku waajahan Somaliland waxa ay sii adkaysey  uun ra’yiga ay qabaan dadka Somaliland oo ah Somalia waxa ay wali ku hamiyaysaa in ay Somaliland Muqdishu (Xamar) ka xukunto.  Arrintani waxa ay kaloo shaki weyn gelineysaa mustaqbalka wadahadalladii Somaliland iyo Somalia ee lix bilood ka hor  Shirkii London lagu heshiiyey in ay bilaabmaan. Waxeyna khatar aan horey u jirin gelineysaa xaaladda nabaddeed iyo xasilloonidda aan taamka aheyn ee ka jirta mandaqadda Geeska Afrika haddi dawladda cusub ee Somalia bilowdo faragelinta arrimaha Somaliland.

Horay Somalidu u tidhi god qof aan waxba arkayn ayuun baa labo jeer ku dhaca, waddona waxaa si dhab ah loo bartaa marka hore loogu lumay.  1960kii ayaannu godkaas ku dhacney oo aanu lunnay markii aanu madaxbanaanidayadii laalney, ilaa markaasna wax aanu soo aragnay khasaarihi naga soo gaadhey ee aanu ku weyney xorriyad, maal iyo nafba, gaar ahaan sannadahii 1980yadii. Waligood reer Somaliland godkaas mar danbe ku dhicimaayaan, waaney ilaashan doonaan madaxbanaanidooda.

Waxaanu fariintayadan ku soo koobeynaa sidan:

1.    Dadka reer Somalia: Dalkayagii, Dadkayagii, Dastuurkayagii iyo Dawladdayadiiba waanuo heysanaa, fadlan hagaajista kuwiina.  Aan kuwada noolaano nabad iyo caano inagoo ah laba dal oo qowmiyadda Soomali ah oo jaar ah, si hadda ay yihiin jaarkayaga Jibuuti iyo Deegaanka Somalida Itoobiya.

2.    Dawladda Somaaliya ee soo socota: Ogsoonow in aanad wax madaxnimo  ama awood xalaal oo sharci ah oo aad arimaha Somaliland ku fara galiso lahayn. Waxaan rajaynaynaa in muhimadaadu noqoto inaad nabad iyo dib u dhis ka samayso dalkaaga, Somalia. Wadahadalada la qorsheeyay inay dhex maraan Somaliland iyo Somalia in ay midho dhalaan oo nabad waarta labada wadan u horseedaan iyo inay dhicisoobaan waxay aad ugu xidhan tahay hadba sidaad u aragtaan madax banaanida aan biyo kama dhibcaanka ah ee Somaliland - dafir, oo Geeska halaag u horseed; aqbal oo Geeska iyo Somaliba nabad iyo caano u horseed.

3.    Beesha Calamka: 21 sanno ka hor dadka reer Somaliland waxay qaateen xaqay u lahaayeen in ay aayahooda ka tashadaan oo ay dib ugga noqdeen midowgii ay la galeen Somalia 1960ki. Waxa la joogaa wakhtigii aad xishmayn lahaydeen rabitaanka dadka reer Somaliland iyo waxa ay leeyihiin kuwa ay ummadda reer Somaliland sida xaqa ah ee xalashaha u doorteen inay iyaga matalaan.

4.    Dawlada Somaliland: Waxa ummadda reer Somaliland idiinka fadhidaa in hay’adaha sharci fulintu si aan jixinjix ku jirin sharciga wadanka u horkeenaan muwaadiniinta reer Somaliland ee ku xadgudbey Dastuurka Somaliland iyo Xeerkii 2003 ee ka mamnuucay muwaadiniinta reer Somaliland ka qayb qaadashada shirarka Somalia lagu heshiisiinayo ama dawlado loogu dhisayo, ee sidoo kalena danbiilaha ka dhigayay muwaadin kasta oo si sharcidara ah u maroorsada awoodaha  hay’adaha distooriga keligood leeyihiin.

5.    Dadka reer Somaliland: Midnimadu waa xoog aan la jabin karin. Aynu dhamaanteen hore u marrrino dastuurkeena, xoojinana haya’daheena dimuquraadiyadeed.

6.    Urrurada Bulshada (The Somaliland Civil Society Groups): Digtoonaan iyo feejig u yeesha astaanka qaranimadeenna ee Somaliland iyo jinsayadeena (Somaliland national identity and citizenship)  iyo shuruucda wadanka markaad ka qayba galaysaan shirarka iyo siminaarada dibadda lagu qabto.

URURRADA QURBAJOOGA SOMALILAND EE SOO SAAREY BAYAANKAN:1.   Unugga Daryeelka ka Somaliland.
2.   SIRAG
3.   Somaliland Societies in Europe (SSE)
4.   African Rural Health & Education Trust
5.   West London Somaliland Community
6.    Somaliland Society UK (SSUK)
7.    Somaliland Brain Trust Youth Organization
8.    Somaliland Ambassadors Without Borders
9.    Somaliland Development Organization
10.  Ottawa Somaliland Community Service
11.  Somaliland American Association
12.  East Africa Policy Institute

[Dhamaan urrurada kale ee Qurbajooga Somaliland ee raba in ay Bayaankan Ogost 2012  ayidaan waxaanu ka codsaneynaa in ay si cad u sheegaan, nagala soo xidhiidhaan emeylka hoos ku qoran]
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Fiiro Gaara:

1.    Kushubashadii badheedhka ahayd ee aftidii 1961kii waxay ku cadahay tiradii codkii “haada” ee la shaaciyay ee ahaa 1. 79 million (90.1 %)  -  waa tiro ka badnayd libinlaab dadkii codeeyay doorashadii 1964kii ee baarlamanka. In kastoo degmooyin badan ee Somalia sheegeen codayn si wayn loo badiyey, tuulada Wanlawayn iyadu waxay sheegtay codayn HAA oo ah 100% waxanay tidhi waxa “haa” u codeeyay 69,000.  Waana halka reer Somaliland dadka Somalia ugu baxsheen "Wala Wayn".

2.    In kastoo beesha caalamku aanay aqoonsan, go'aankii Somaliland 1991 ku qaadatay inay ku baabiiso midowgii ay lagashay Somalia, muu ahayn (sida ay xaqiijisay Maxkamada Caalamiga ahi markay eegaysay arinta Kosovo) mid ka horimanaya sharciga caalamig ah.

3.    Ereybixin:
•    “Somali” – waxa loola jeeda asalka qowmiyaddeed (ethnic origin) ee ay yihiin dadka qowmiyadda Somaaliyeed ee ku nool shanta wadan ee Geeska Africa - Jibuuti, Itoobiya, Somaliland, Somalia iyo Kenya.
•    “Somaliland” – waxa loola jeedaa Jamhuuridda Somaliland oo ahayd muddo gaaban oo 1960kii QARANKA SOMALILAND (State of Somaliland) oo xor ah, ka horna aheyd Maxmiyadda British Somaliland.
•    “Somalilander”- waxa loola jeeda muwaadin reer Somaliland (ama leh astaan qarammeed oo Somaliland – Somaliland national identity/origin).
•    “Somalia” – waxa loola jeedaa Dhulkii Somaliyeed ee Talyaanigu gumaysan jirey, Bayaankanna gudihiisanad waxaa loola jeedaa isla dalkaas intii ka dambeysey 1991kii si loo kalo garto iyada iyo Somaliland.
•    “Dadka Somalia” (Somalians) – waxaa loola jeeda dadka kasoo jeeda Somalia, wadan  ahaan. 
•    “Jamhuuriyadda (Diimoqraadiga ee) Somaliyeed” waxa loola jeedaa dawladii lagu sameeyey isu-taggii Somalia iyo Somaliland ee jirey 1960 ilaa 1991. Kalmadda “Diimoqraadiga waxa lagu darey afganbigii miltariga ahaa ee lagu ridey xukuumadii diimuraadiga aheyd oo dabadeedna la dhisey kalitalis, magcana laga soo xigtey wadamadii Jarmalka Bari, Kuuriyada Waqooyi, Fiitanaamka Waqooyi …

Wixii faahfaahin ah ee ku saabsan Bayaankan, fadlan nagala soo xidhiidh halkan:

somalilandconstitution@gmail.com

(QAAR) URURRADA QURBOJOOGGA SOMALILAND WAR-SAXAAFADEED IYO BAYAANKA OGOST 2012

(QAAR) URURRADA QURBOJOOGGA SOMALILAND
WAR-SAXAAFADEED IYO BAYAANKA OGOST 2012
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WAR SAXAAFADEED                     TAARIIKH: 27 AUGUST 2012

SOMALILAND: Waxa aanu Leenahay Dastuur iyo Madax aanu Dooranay
Ummadda Jamhuuriyadda madaxa bannaan ee Somaliland waxa ay ka xun tahay in ay dadka Somalia mar kale ku dhex dareen magaca iyo dalka Somaliland arrimahooda in kasta oo ay u caddahay qof kasta in ilaa 1991kii dadka Somaliland ay nabaddooda yagleeleen oo ay samaysteen Dastuur lagu ansixiyey 2001kii afti qaran. Ummadda Somaliland waxa ay rajeynaysaa in dadka Somalia ay helaan nabadda iyo xasilloonida ay ilaa hadda raadinayeen, waxaney ku guubaabineysaa iyaga iyo beesha caalamkuba in ay ku qancaan oo ixitiraamaan go'aanka aan ka noqoshada laheyn ee ay ummadda Somaliland kula soo noqdeen madax-bannaanidooda bishii May sannadkii 199kii.

Somaliland muddo labaatan sannadood ah ayay dhisanaysay hay’ado Dastuuri ah oo ay u hirgelisay si nabad iyo nidaam leh kala wareejin hoggaanka dalkeeda. Kalawareejintaasi waxa ay ku salaysnayd mar walba doorashooyin ay dadka oo dhammi ka qaybgaleen. Waxaa markaa la is odhan lahaa beesha caalamku waqtigan iskama indho tirayaan jiritaanka hay’adahaas habka diimuqraadiga ah ku yimid, heystana awood buuxda oo ay ku matalaan, una hadlaan dadka Somaliland. Beesha caalamku wey ogeyd in Somaliland aaney ku dhex jirin wada xaajoodka khiddaddii “Roadmap”-ka ee lagu soo afjarayey xilliyada ku meel gaadhka ah (KMG) ee Somalia, iyo sameynta Dastuurka cusub ee Somalia, oo arrimahaas oo dhan ay ka qaybqaateen Dawladda KMG, gobolada Somalia qaarkood iyo Wakiilka Qaramada Midoobey (QM).

Nasiibdarro markii la gaadhey ansixiintii Dastuurka Somalia iyo xulista Baarlamaankooda cusub, waxay qolyahaa Somalia mar kale adeegsadeen shirqoolkii la abuurey 2000kii ee lagu dafirayey jiritaanka madaxda la doortey ee Somaliland. Qof u hadlayey ururrada Qurbajooga Somaliland (ee soo saarey Bayaankan) ayaa wuxuu yidhi:

“Aad bey u xuntahay in Somaliland weli loo diido ictiraafka caalimga ah ee ay kasbatay, laakiin waxaaba kaba sii daran been abuurka lagu dafirayo hawlahii dhisidda heykal dawladeed ee Somaliland ee laga soo shaqaynanay 20ka sannadood. Taas oo markaas ummaddii Somaliland laga dhigey intooda badan hal Qabiil cusub aan hore u jirin oo la hindisey, intii kalena lagu darey Qabiil kale oo ka mid ah qabaa’ilka Somalia. Isku-deyga in loo kala qoqobo Qaranka Somaliland gobollo qabaa’il ahi marnaba ma soo celineyso isu-taggii Somaliland iyo Somalia, laakiin waxay keenaysaa oo kaliya iska hor-imaad baaha iyo burbur aan cidna faa’iido ugu jirin!”

Madax Dhaqmeedkii asliga ahaa ee Somaliland, oo gacan weyna ku lahaa hirgelinta nabadda Somaliland iyo dhisidda haykalka dawladeed, dheg umey dhigin markii looga soo gacan-haadiyey Soomalia. Haddaba, u soo jiidashada Muqdishu dad yar oo asal ahaan Somaliland ka so jeeda, hase yeeshee aan cidna matalin aan hungurigooda ahayn, Somaliland marnaba may dhex gelin habkan Khariidada “Roadmap”-ka Somalia, ka ma na dhigeyso Dastuurka Somalia amma dawladdeeda wax ka socon kara carriga Somaliland. Waxa ay sii adkaysey uun ra’yiga ay qabaan dadka Somaliland oo ah in Somalia ay wali ku taamayaan inay Somaliland Muqdishu uun ka xukunto. Arrintani waxa ay kaloo shaki weyn gelineysaa mustaqbalka wadahadalladii Somaliland iyo Somalia ee lix bilood ka hor Shirkii London lagu heshiiyey in ay bilaabmaan. Waxeyna khatar aan horey u jirin gelineysaa xaaladda nabaddeed iyo xasilloonidda aan taamka aheyn ee ka jirta mandaqadda Geeska Afrika haddii dawladda cusub ee Somalia bilowdo khal-khal galinta arrimaha Somaliland.

Waxa la yidhi god qof aan waxba arkayn ayuun baa labo jeer ku dhaca; waddona waxaa si dhab ah loo bartaa uun marka hore loogu lumay. 1960kii ayaannu god ku dhacney oo aannu lunnay markii aannu madaxbanaanidayadii laalney, ilaa markaasna wax aannaan weli ka soo kaban khasaarihii naga soo gaadhey ee aannu ku weyney xorriyad, naf iyo maalba, gaar ahaan sannadahii 1980yadii. Haddaba, Somalia waxa aannu leennahay “Dastuurkiina iyo Dawladdiinu wax ha idiin tareen; annaggu Dastuurkayaga iyo Dawladayada weligeen mar kale luminmeyno”.

URURRADA QURBAJOOGA SOMALILAND EE SOO SAAREY BAYAANKAN:

1. Unugga Daryeelka Dastuurka Somaliland.
2. SIRAG
3. Somaliland Societies in Europe (SSE)
4. African Rural Health & Education Trust
5. West London Somaliland Community
6. Somaliland Society UK (SSUK)
7. Somaliland Brain Trust Youth Organization
8. Somaliland Ambassadors Without Borders
9. Somaliland Development Organization
10. Ottawa Somaliland Community Service
11. Somaliland American Association
12. East Africa Policy Institute

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LIFAAQ:

Waxaa halkan ku lifaaqan BAYAANKA OGOST 2012 oo ay soo saareen Ururrada Qurbajooga Somaliland ee kor ku qoran

Wixii faafaahin ah ama macluumaad ku saabsan Warsaxaafadeedkan iyo Bayaanka, fadlan nagala soo xidhiidh halkan:

somalilandconstitution@gmail.com

SOMALILAND DIASPORA GROUPS PRESS RELEASE AND AUGUST 2012 STATEMENT

SOMALILAND DIASPORA GROUPS 

PRESS RELEASE AND AUGUST 2012 STATEMENT

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DATE:  25 AUGUST 2012                                                      IMMEDIATE

SOMALILAND:  We have our own Constitution and Elected Representatives


The people of the independent Republic of Somaliland are saddened by the fact that Somalians have yet again chosen to include Somaliland in their dispensation, when it is clear to everyone that since 1991, Somalilanders have not only established peace but have also adopted their own Constitution which was finally approved in a national referendum in 2001.  Somalilanders hope that Somalians will achieve the peace and stability that has evaded them so far, but also urge them and the international community to accept and respect the irreversible decision of the Somaliland people to re-gain their sovereignty in May 1991. 

After two decades of building democratic institutions and conducting peaceful and smooth transfers of power through popular elections, one would have expected that the international community would no longer remain blind to the presence of a genuine democratic representation in Somaliland that can speak authoritatively for the Somaliland people. The international community was aware of and accepted Somaliland’s non-involvement in the “Roadmap” to end the “transition in Somalia” and in the making of the new Somalia constitution which was devised by the Somalia Transitional Government (TFG), the various regions/groups of Somalia and the UN. 

And, yet when it came to the adoption of the Somalia constitution and the selection of the new Assembly, the formula that was used again was one which denied the existence of Somaliland’s elected representatives and was first used in 2000.   A spokesman for the Somaliland Diaspora Groups said:

“It is bad enough for Somaliland to be denied the international recognition that it rightfully deserves, but it is duplicitous, to say the least, to disregard all the state building efforts undertaken by Somaliland over two decades and to reduce the whole of the Somaliland people into one newly invented majority clan and one minority clan that would both be counted as part of the other Somalia clans.  Attempting to dismantle Somaliland into a patchwork of clan regions will not bring about a new union of Somaliland and Somalia, but is likely to lead to more conflict and disintegration which is of no benefit to anyone.” 

The vast majority of Somaliland’s real traditional leaders, who were instrumental in building Somaliland’s peace and institutions, rejected immediately the blandishments to go to Somalia.  Attracting, therefore, a few mainly self-appointed persons from Somaliland to Mogadishu, neither co-opts Somaliland into the Somalia “Roadmap process”, nor does it give the Somalia constitution or the new government any legitimacy in Somaliland.  It simply reinforces the Somaliland people’s belief that the prevailing attitude in Somalia is still the desire to run Somaliland from Mogadishu.  This casts serious doubts on the future of the planned talks between Somaliland and the Somalia Government agreed at the London Conference only six months ago and will pose a new threat to the fragile peace and stability in the Horn of Africa if the new Somalia government starts interfering in Somaliland’s affairs.

As the Somali sayings go, only a blind person can fall into the same hole more than once, and that losing your way on a road makes you learn it well. We lost our way once in 1960 when we gave up our sovereignty and have since counted the cost of that mistake in loss of liberty, limb and life, especially throughout the 1980s.  So, good luck, Somalia, with your new constitution and new government; we, in Somaliland, have our own which we will never lose again.

SOMALILAND DIASPORA ORGANISATIONS:

1.    The Promotion of the Somaliland Constitution Group
2.     SIRAG
3.     Somaliland Societies in Europe (SSE)
4.     African Rural Health & Education Trust
5.     West London Somaliland Community
6.     Somaliland Society UK (SSUK)
7.     Somaliland Brain Trust Youth Organization
8.     Somaliland Ambassadors Without Borders
9.     Somaliland Development Organization
10.   Ottawa Somaliland Community Service
11.   Somaliland American Association
12.   East Africa Policy Institute

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NOTES:

·      Attached is the SOMALILAND “AUGUST 2012” STATEMENT of the Somaliland Diaspora Groups

·      Please see the Notes attached to the Statement,

For any further information about this Press Release and Statement, please contact us at:

somalilandconstitution@gmail.com 

SOMALILAND DIASPORA GROUPS AUGUST 2012 STATEMENT

SOMALILAND DIASPORA GROUPS 

AUGUST 2012 STATEMENT

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DATE:  25 AUGUST 2012                                                       IMMEDIATE

SOMALILAND DIASPORA GROUPS “AUGUST 2012 STATEMENT”           

SOMALILAND:  We have our own Constitution and Elected Representatives

On 1 August 2012, Somalia adopted a new “Provisional Constitution” and by the end of August, a new government will be set up in Mogadishu (Xamar), Somalia.   We are, however, yet again saddened by the fact that Somalians are still busy crafting constitutions and governments that claim to include Somaliland, when it is clear to everyone that since 1991, Somalilanders have not only established peace, but have adopted, a long time ago,  their own Constitution and have their own democratically elected president and parliament.   Whilst we hope that Somalians achieve the peace and stability that has evaded them so far, we urge them and the international community to accept and respect the irreversible decision of the Somaliland people to re-gain their sovereignty in May 1991.  We state unequivocally once again, “We have our own constitution and elected representatives, good luck with yours”.  

Constitutions crafted in Mogadishu (Xamar)  – 1961 and 1979

In our desire for a union of all the five Somali inhabited territories of the Horn in 1960, we, in Somaliland, gave up our own independence and our own  first (1960) constitution and accepted, without any previous involvement whatsoever, a constitution drafted, in Mogadishu (Xamar) by Somalians.   By the time, the vast majority of Somalilanders voted overwhelming against that constitution in the referendum held on 20 June 1961, our regrets over our precipitate union with Somalia were already abundantly clear.   That first constitution was abrogated by the military regime in 1969 and its place was taken by another one drawn up in Mogadishu in 1979 by the Siyad Barre Dictatorship, which was endorsed at another national referendum held on 25 August 1979.  

The road to the second constitution of an independent Somaliland 1991 to 2001

Long before the military dictatorship ended in 1991, the dream of a union of all the five Somali inhabited territories turned into a delusion.   After the brutal and costly war of the 1980s waged by the Military dictatorship against the Somaliland people and the collapse of the state in 1991, the Somaliland communities met at a Grand Conference in May 1991 and decided to re-gain their sovereignty, as an independent nation.  The Somaliland people and their traditional leaders then embarked on a long process of re-building the peace between its communities and on establishing the necessary institutions of governance.   Drafting a constitution came after those initial peace-making processes were laboriously undertaken.  This involved three incremental stages: the adoption, through constituent assemblies,  of a National Charter in 1993, followed by an Interim Constitution in 1997, and then finally the adoption of a Constitution in 2000 which was endorsed at a national referendum held on 31 May 2001.

Somaliland also set up democratic institutions and held successfully since 2002 two national presidential elections and parliamentary and local elections, which were all adjudged fair and free by international obersvors.  Nine political parties/associations are now busy getting ready for the nation-wide local elections to be held in November 2012.

Old habits die hard:  new Somalian Charters/Constitutions 2001 - 2012

In the last 20 years, numerous peace-making and government building conferences (and initiatives) had been held for Somalia.  Somaliland has never attended any of them.  And yet, old habits die hard and in two of the peace conferences held for Somalia abroad (in Djibouti in 2000 and in Kenya in 2004)  where Transitional Charters for “Somalia” were adopted, the wishes of the painstakingly crafted Somaliland democratic national institutions (which included political parties, elected president and parliament) were deliberately disregarded.  The Somalian organisers of the conferences and their international sponsors decided that the Somaliland territory was henceforth inhabited by a newly invented clan called the “DIR North” which covered the majority of the Somaliland people and that the rest of the population shall be counted as part of the “DAROD” Greater Somalia Clan.  So with this fictitious identity, individuals (mainly from abroad or from Somaliland) were enticed to participate in the conferences in order to maintain the charade of Somaliland’s involvement in these processes.   These individuals represented no one but themselves and are and have been considered criminals under Somaliland law.

The Somalia “Roadmap” and the August 2012 Constitution and Government

After two decades, and with Somaliland having held another peaceful presidential election and a smooth transfer of power from a defeated sitting president to a new one in 2010, who is ruling with an elected House of Representatives, one would have expected that the international community would no longer remain blind to the presence of a genuine democratic representation in Somaliland that can speak authoritatively for the Somaliland people.  The international community was aware of and accepted Somaliland’s non-involvement in the “Roadmap” to end the “transition in Somalia” and so the Roadmap process including the adoption of the Constitution was driven by a group of signatories consisting of the Transitional Government (TFG), UN Representative, and Puntland, Galmudug and the ASWJ  representing the Northern and  Central regions of  Somalia.

At the London Conference in February 2012, the international community also agreed “to  support any dialogue that Somaliland and the TFG or its replacement may agree to establish in order to clarify their future relations” and a couple of preliminary meetings between Somaliland and the Somalian TFG have already taken place.

But, yet again, the whole new process of the adoption of the a new Somalian constitution and the selection (not election, as originally envisaged) of the new Somalia Assembly members was based on the same formula of denying the existence of Somaliland’s elected representatives and seeking to attract the participation of individuals from the same fictitious clan.  Worse still,  the emphasis on clan representation has already led  to numerous Diaspora based individuals declaring “virtual clan states” even in the territories of Somaliland and neighbouring Puntland region of Somalia.  Attempting to break up Somaliland into various clan areas will neither bring back a new united “Somali Republic”, nor will it leave unaffected the patchwork of clan based disparate regions in Somalia as can already be seen in the numerous declarations of “virtual mini-states”.    

Somaliland was never involved in the making of Somalia’s new constitution, or in the selection of its new Assembly or government in Mogadishu.   The vast majority of the real traditional leaders of Somaliland remained in Somaliland and met in Hargeisa and Erigavo a few weeks ago when they denounced the invitations extended to them.  Attracting, therefore, a few mainly self-appointed elders from Somaliland who, in turn, picked “hasbeens” and “wannabes” from abroad neither co-opts Somaliland into this process, nor does it give the process any legitimacy in Somaliland.  It simply reinforces the Somaliland people’s belief that the prevailing attitude in Somalia is still the desire to run Somaliland from Mogadishu (Xamar).  This casts serious doubts on the future of the planned talks between Somaliland and the Somalia government agreed at the London Conference only six months ago and will pose a new threat to the fragile peace and stability in the Horn of Africa if the new Somalia government starts interfering in Somaliland’s affairs.

As the Somali sayings go, only a blind person can fall into the same hole more than once, and that losing your way on a road makes you learn it well. We lost our way once in 1960 when we gave up our sovereignty and have since counted the cost of that mistake in loss of  liberty,  limb and life, specially throughout the 1980s.  We shall never do that again and will guard and defend our precious sovereignty.

In short, our message is:

1.     To the people of Somalia:  We have our country, our people, our constitution and our state  (Dalkayaga, Dadkayaga, Distoorkayaga iyo Dawladayadda), so please sort out yours. We can live in peace and prosperity as two neighbouring Somali states in the same way that we do with our Somali neighbours in Djibouti and in the Ethiopian Somali region.

2.     To the incoming Government of Somalia:  You have no authority or legitimacy to interfere in Somaliland’s affairs. We hope that your priority will be making peace and re-building your country.  Whether or not the planned talks with Somaliland bring about a lasting benefit for both  countries or end before they even start will depend very much on your attitude towards Somaliland’s independent status.

3.     To the International Community:  The Somaliland people have exercised their right to self-determination and withdrew out of a union with Somalia 21 years ago.  It is time that you respect our wishes and those of our democratically elected representatives.

4.     To the Somaliland Government: We expect that the appropriate law enforcement agencies will prosecute to the fullest extent of the law any Somaliland citizens who, acted in contravention of the Somaliland Constitution and the 2003 Law forbidding participation in Somalian conferences and making it an offence for anyone to usurp the roles of Somaliland’s constitutional bodies.

5.     To the Somaliland People: Unity is strength. Let us all promote our Somaliland Constitution and strengthen our democratic institutions.

6.     To the Somaliland Civil Society Groups: Be mindful of our own Somaliland national identity and laws when considering the attendance of meetings/seminars abroad.

SOMALILAND DIASPORA ORGANISATION:

1.      The Promotion of the Somaliland Constitution Group

2.      SIRAG

3.       Somaliland Societies in Europe (SSE)

4.      African Rural Health & Education Trust

5.      West London Somaliland Community

6.      Somaliland Society UK (SSUK)

7.      Somaliland Brain Trust Youth Organization

8.      Somaliland Ambassadors Without Borders

9.      Somaliland Development Organization

10.   Ottawa Somaliland Community Service

11.   Somaliland American Association

12.   East Africa Policy Institute

 [We urge any other Somaliland Diaspora Group that wishes to endorse this Somaliland August 2012 Statement to do so publicly and to contact us at the e-mail below)

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NOTES:

1.     The blatant ballot stuffing at that 1961 referendum was evident from the  reported yes votes of 1.79 million (90.1%) -  a figure which was nearly twice the total number of people who voted in the following 1964  national (assembly) elections. Although many of the districts in Somalia returned grossly inflated yes vote, the district of “Wala Weyn” returned a 100% yes vote of 69,000. Somalilanders, from then onwards, referred to Somalians as as  “Wala Weyn”! 

2.     Although unrecognised by the international community, Somaliland’s May 1991 act of  dissolving the union with Somalia, after a long war waged by the  then government against the majority of the Somaliland people followed by collapse of the state,  was not (as confirmed by  confirmed by the International Court of Justice in the Kosovo case)  contrary to international law.

3.     Terminology:

·       “SOMALI” – refers to the ethnicity shared by all the people of Somali ethnic origin who inhabit the five Horn countries of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somaliland, Somalia and Kenya.

·       “SOMALILAND” – refers to the current Republic of Somaliland, which was, briefly  in 1960, the independent STATE OF SOMALILAND and prior to that, the BRITISH SOMALILAND PROTECTORATE since 1880s

·       “SOMALILANDER” – refers to a citizen of Somaliland

·       “SOMALIA” – refers to the former Italian Trusteeship territory of Somalia and, in this Statement, also to the same territory since 1991 to distinguish it from Somaliland.

·       “SOMALIAN” – refers to someone who comes from Somalia (in contrast to Somalilander).

·       “THE SOMALI (Democratic) REPUBLIC” – refers to the state formed by the union of Somaliland and Somalia which lasted from 1960 to 1991.    The “democratic” middle adjective was added after the Military coup which toppled the then truly democratic government and proceeded to establish a dictatorship originally modelled after the “democratic” countries of the East Germany, North Korea, North Vietnam etc.

For any further information about this Statement, please contact us at:

somalilandconstitution@gmail.com